{"id":1539,"date":"2022-11-16T11:55:48","date_gmt":"2022-11-16T18:55:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/?page_id=1539"},"modified":"2025-10-10T16:47:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T22:47:50","slug":"gsi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/index.php\/gsi\/","title":{"rendered":"GSI"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1539\" class=\"elementor elementor-1539\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1f668db8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1f668db8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3340cde6\" data-id=\"3340cde6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55ebfed4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55ebfed4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1540\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DarkLogo-1080x531.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"216\" height=\"105\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DarkLogo-1080x531.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DarkLogo-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DarkLogo-768x378.png 768w, https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DarkLogo.png 1438w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 216px) 100vw, 216px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Aaron Kauffman (SW Urban Hydrology and previous Land and Water Summit speaker\/tour guide) and Cody Stropki (SWCA Environmental Consultants) just published a study on soil moisture in Santa Fe rain gardens over a seven year period. It presents some excellent data to make the case for rain gardens. Definitely worth a read and please share!<\/p>\n\n<p>Kauffman, A. T., &amp; Stropki, C. L. Green stormwater infrastructure in a semi-arid climate: The influence of rain gardens on soil moisture over seven years.\u00a0<em>The Western Planner.<\/em>\u00a0November 7, 2022.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/linkprotect.cudasvc.com\/url?a=https%3a%2f%2fwww.westernplanner.org%2f2022%2f2022%2f10%2f22%2fgreen-stormwater-infrastructure-in-a-semi-arid-climate-the-influence-of-rain-gardens-on-soil-moisture-over-seven-years&amp;c=E,1,FVe_6p7OWlpH52dxJ1u9g_3lz6Rr23BgWJz78yUpWbgZKu-Ifsaonrtx6IIph0OiMNQE5h4IoGg7czhoNdPpdlLIQk_gBqbi1xS-55r733yhDaAWvMg,&amp;typo=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.westernplanner.org\/2022\/2022\/10\/22\/green-stormwater-infrastructure-in-a-semi-arid-climate-the-influence-of-rain-gardens-on-soil-moisture-over-seven-years<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a41e32c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a41e32c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><style>\r\n\t.elementor-widget-container .wp-block-image {\r\n\t\tmargin-left: 30px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.gsi-influence {\r\n\t\tmax-width: 830px;\r\n\t\tmargin-left: auto;\r\n    \tmargin-right: auto;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.gsi-influence .container {\r\n\t    border: 25px solid #fff;\t\t\r\n\t    background: #fff;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.gsi-influence .container .header {\r\n\t\tbackground: #fff;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.gsi-influence .container .header .title {\r\n\t\ttext-align: center;\r\n\t\tfont-family: \"Arial\", Sans-serif;\r\n    \tfont-size: 18px; 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   \t\t\r\n    \t}\r\n    \t.gsi-influence .container .body .bottom-content .box-content.column {\r\n    \t\tflex-direction: row;    \t\t\r\n    \t}\r\n    \t.gsi-influence .container .body .bottom-content .box-content .col-4 {\r\n    \t\twidth: 40%;\r\n    \t}\r\n    \t.gsi-influence .container .body .bottom-content .box-content .col-8 {\r\n    \t\twidth: 60%;\r\n    \t\tpadding-left: 80px;\r\n    \t}\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t.gsi-influence .container .body .bottom-content .box-content .col-4 .heading {\r\n\t\tletter-spacing: 2px;\r\n\t\tborder-bottom: 1px solid #000;\r\n\t\tpadding-bottom: 10px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.gsi-influence .container .body .bottom-content .box-content .col-8 .heading {\r\n\t\tletter-spacing: 2px;\r\n\t\tborder-bottom: 1px solid #000;\r\n\t\tpadding-bottom: 10px;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t.gsi-influence .container .body .bottom-content .box-content .col-4 p {\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 2px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.gsi-influence .container .body .bottom-content .box-content .col-4 ul {\r\n\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\r\n\t\tmargin-left: 5px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.gsi-influence .container .body .bottom-content .box-content .col-8 img {\r\n\t\tmargin-top: 15px;\t\r\n\t\tmargin-left: auto;\r\n    \tmargin-right: auto;\r\n    \tdisplay: block;\r\n    \tmargin-bottom: 25px;\t\r\n\t}\r\n\t@media screen and (min-width: 1200px) {\r\n\t\t.gsi-influence .container .body .bottom-content .box-content .col-8 img {\t\t\r\n\t\t\tmargin-left: initial;\r\n    \t\tmargin-right: initial;\r\n    \t\tdisplay: initial;\r\n    \t\tmargin-bottom: initial;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t.gsi-influence .container .body .bottom-content .box-content .col-4 .heading.bd {\r\n\t\tpadding-top: 20px;\r\n\t\tpadding-bottom: 15px;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 15px;\r\n\t\tborder-top: 1px solid #000;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.gsi-influence .container .body .bottom-content .box-content .col-8 .heading.bd {\r\n\t\tpadding-top: 20px;\r\n\t\tpadding-bottom: 15px;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 15px;\r\n\t\tborder-top: 1px solid #000;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\/**\/\r\n\t.gsi-influence .container .footer {\t\t\r\n    \tborder-top: 1px solid #000;\r\n    \tpadding-top: 20px;\r\n    \tpadding-bottom: 20px;\r\n\t}\t\r\n\t@media screen and (min-width: 1200px) {\r\n\t\t.gsi-influence .container .footer {\t\t\r\n\t\t\tpadding-bottom: 40px;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t.gsi-influence .container .footer .author {\r\n\t\tfont-family: \"Arial\", Sans-serif;\r\n    \tfont-size: 16px;    \r\n\t}\r\n\t.gsi-influence .container .footer .email {\r\n\t\tfont-family: \"Arial\", Sans-serif;\r\n    \tfont-size: 16px;    \r\n    \tmargin-bottom: 20px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.gsi-influence .container .footer .link {\r\n\t\tfont-family: \"Arial\", Sans-serif;\r\n    \tfont-size: 16px;    \r\n\t}\r\n\t.gsi-influence .container .footer .address {\r\n\t\tfont-family: \"Arial\", Sans-serif;\r\n    \tfont-size: 16px;    \r\n\t}\r\n<\/style>\t\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"gsi-influence\">\r\n\r\n\t<div class=\"container\">\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"header\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0048969721078025?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\">Science of the Total Environment 817 (2022) 152723<\/a><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/journal\/science-of-the-total-environment\" target=\"_blank\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/wp-content\/themes\/guten\/partials\/images\/gsi-influence-img\/header.jpg\" width=\"1120\" height=\"178\" alt=\"header\" \/><\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"body\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"assessing\">Assessing the influence of urban greenness and green stormwater infrastructure on hydrology from satellite remote sensing<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"name\">Gary Conley, Robert L. McDonald, Tyler Nodine&#8221;, Teresa Chapman, Craig Holland&#8221;, Christopher Hawkins&#8221;, Nicole Beck&#8221;<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><span>2NDNATURE, 500 Seabright Avenue, Santa Cruz, CA 95062, USA<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><span>Center for Sustainability Science, The Nature Conservancy, 10117 Berlin, Germany<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><span>The Nature Conservancy in Colorado, 2424 Spruce Street. Boulder, CO 80302, USA<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><span>The Nature Conservancy, 322 8th Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"icon\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/wp-content\/themes\/guten\/partials\/images\/gsi-influence-img\/icon.png\" width=\"64\" height=\"63\" alt=\"icon\" \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bottom-content\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-content\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-4\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"heading\">HIGHLIGHTS<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is shown to affect urban greenness patterns.<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>Urban greenness is shown to influence a range of downstream hydrologic responses.<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>Only 9% of watersheds show significant trends in satellite-measured urban greenness<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>Detection of broad, watershed-scale GSI impacts is limited by GSI data completeness.<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-8\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"heading\">GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/wp-content\/themes\/guten\/partials\/images\/gsi-influence-img\/graphics.jpg\" width=\"368\" height=\"200\" alt=\"graphics\" \/>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<!---->\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bottom-content\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-content column\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-4\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"heading bd\">ARTICLE INFO<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i>Article history:<\/i>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Received 10 September 2021<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Received in revised form 21 December 2021<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Accepted 23 December 2021<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Available online 31 December 2021<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Editor: Ashantha Goonetilleke<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr \/>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i>Keywords:<\/i>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Stormwater<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hydrology<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Urban greenness<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Green stormwater infrastructure<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>NDVI<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Panel regression<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-8\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"heading bd\">ABSTRACT<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), which includes features like rain gardens, constructed wetlands, or urban tree canopy, is now widely recognized as a means to reduce urban runoff impacts and meet municipal water quality permit requirements. Many co-benefits of GSI are related to increased vegetative cover, which can be measured with satellite imagery via spectral indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). In urban landscapes, there remain critical gaps in understanding how urban greenness and GSI influence hydrology. Here, we quantify these relationships to assess the feasibility of tracking the effectiveness of urban greening for improving downstream hydrologic conditions. We combined hydrologic data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) gauges with an NDVI time series (1985\u20132019) derived from Landsat satellite imagery, and synthesis of GSI implementation data from a set of 372 urbanized watersheds across the United States. We used a multivariate panel modeling approach to account for spatial and time varying factors (rainfall, temperature, urban cover expansion) in an effort to isolate the relationships of interest. After accounting for expansion of urban boundaries, only 32 watersheds (9%) showed significant greenness trends, a majority of which were reductions. Urban greenness had significant influences on downstream flow responses, so that on average, a 10% greenness increase showed a corresponding reduction of total flow (\u22123.8%), flow variance (\u22127.7%), peak flows (\u22124.7%), high flows (\u22127.6%), flashiness (\u22122.2%), and high flow frequency (\u22121.5%); and a corresponding increase in baseflow (4.3%). For a subset of these watersheds for which GSI data were available (n = 48), the level of GSI implementation showed a significant, but weak influence on urban greenness with a 20% increase in BMP density corresponding to a greenness increase of 0.9%. The study results may support valuation and verification of GSI co-benefits in urbanized landscapes at the watershed scale.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"footer\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"author\"> Corresponding author.<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"email\">E-mail address: <a href=\"mailto:gary@2ndnaturewater.com\">gary@2ndnaturewater.com<\/a> (G. Conley).<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969721078025\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152723<\/a><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"address\">0048-9697\/\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/<\/a>).<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\t\r\n\r\n\t<\/div>\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\t\r\n\n<div class=\"gsi-text\">GSI Influence on greenness and hydrology &#8211; Conley et al 2022<\/div><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f0f883 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"6f0f883\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/wyvovmnTkfk&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aaron Kauffman (SW Urban Hydrology and previous Land and Water Summit speaker\/tour guide) and Cody Stropki (SWCA Environmental Consultants) just published a study on soil moisture in Santa Fe rain gardens over a seven year period. It presents some excellent data to make the case for rain gardens. Definitely worth a read and please share! [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1539","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1539"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2801,"href":"https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1539\/revisions\/2801"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.devsite-landandwatersummitnm.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}